/* https://communities.sas.com/t5/SAS-Programming/Convert-Full-State-Name-to-Abbreviation/td-p/738723;*/
DM "Log; clear; output; clear; odsresults; clear";
data fips;
  length fips 8 state_postal_code $2 state_name_territory $20 ;
  do fips=1 to 95;
    state_name_territory = fipnamel(fips); /* FIPNAMEL function converts the FIPS code 
	                                          to the corresponding state or U.S. territory name in mixed case" */
    if state_name_territory ne 'Invalid Code' then do;
        state_postal_code = fipstate(fips); /* FIPSTATE converts two-digit FIPS codes to two-character state postal codes */
	    state_name=stnamel(state_postal_code); /* STNAME function converts a two-character state postal code to the 
		                                        corresponding state name in mixed casease */
     output;
    end;
  end;
run;
proc print data=fips;
run;

*Ex4_generate_dates_sashelp_class.sas;
title;
data class ;
call streaminit(123);
    set sashelp.class;
      dob=Today()
          -floorz(age*365 + 
                  + floorz(100*rand("Uniform"))
                  +(rand("uniform"))
                  );
	  age2=int((today() - dob)/365.25);
	  /*use the INTCK function to measure the number of intervals 
      between two dates [ DOB and TODAY0 */
	  age3 = INTCK('YEAR',DOB,TODAY());
	  today_date=today();
	  age4=YRDIF(DoB, today(), 'ACT/ACT') ;
     format today_date dob date9.;
  run;
proc print data=class; run;

*Ex6_random_assignment.sas;
data dp;
CALL STREAMINIT(12345);
LENGTH Group $ 7;
 set sashelp.class;
  random_num = RAND("UNIFORM");
  if random_num >0.5 then Group='Drug';
  else group='Placebo';
run;
proc print data=dp noobs; 
 var Name Sex Age Height Weight random_num group;
run;

* Ex9_simulate.sas;
%LET Path=C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data;
LIBNAME NEW "&Path";
%MACRO generate_state(state=, nstores=);
   data _null_;
     CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
      file "&PATH/&state..txt";
      %DO i = 1 %TO &nstores;
	     sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
            put sales 7.;
            output;
	      %END;
	  run;
%MEND generate_state;
Filename mprint "&path\California.sas";
options mprint mfile;
%generate_state(state = California, nstores = 8)

Filename mprint "&path\Texas.sas";
options mprint mfile;
%generate_state(state = Texas,  nstores = 5)

%MACRO generate_state(state=, nstores=);
data _null_;
 CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
 file "&PATH/&state..txt";
        do x=1 to &nstores;
		    sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
            put sales 7.;
           output;
        end;
        run;
%MEND generate_state;
%generate_state(state = California_x, nstores = 8)
%generate_state(state = Texas_x, nstores = 5)

29                                                         The SAS System                               23:53 Tuesday, June 30, 2026

627        ods listing close;ods html5 (id=saspy_internal) file=_tomods1 options(bitmap_mode='inline') device=svg style=HTMLBlue;
627      ! ods graphics on / outputfmt=png;
NOTE: Writing HTML5(SASPY_INTERNAL) Body file: _TOMODS1
628        
629        * Ex9_simulate.sas;
630        %LET Path=C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data;
631        LIBNAME NEW "&Path";
NOTE: Libref NEW was successfully assigned as follows: 
      Engine:        V9 
      Physical Name: C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data
632        %MACRO generate_state(state=, nstores=);
633           data _null_;
634             CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
635              file "&PATH/&state..txt";
636              %DO i = 1 %TO &nstores;
637        	     sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
638                    put sales 7.;
639                    output;
640        	      %END;
641        	  run;
642        %MEND generate_state;
643        Filename mprint "&path\California.sas";
644        options mprint mfile;
645        %generate_state(state = California, nstores = 8)
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   data _null_;
NOTE: The macro generated output from MPRINT will also be written to external file 
      C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data\California.sas while OPTIONS MPRINT and MFILE are set.
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/California.txt";
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   run;

NOTE: The file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/California.txt" is:
      Filename=C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data\California.txt,
      RECFM=V,LRECL=32767,File Size (bytes)=0,
      Last Modified=01Jul2026:00:01:02,
      Create Time=01Jul2026:00:01:02

NOTE: 8 records were written to the file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/California.txt".
      The minimum record length was 7.
      The maximum record length was 7.
NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):
      real time           0.06 seconds
      cpu time            0.03 seconds
      

646        
647        Filename mprint "&path\Texas.sas";
648        options mprint mfile;
649        %generate_state(state = Texas,  nstores = 5)
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   data _null_;
NOTE: The macro generated output from MPRINT will also be written to external file C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data\Texas.sas 
      while OPTIONS MPRINT and MFILE are set.
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/Texas.txt";
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   run;

NOTE: The file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/Texas.txt" is:
      Filename=C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data\Texas.txt,
      RECFM=V,LRECL=32767,File Size (bytes)=0,
      Last Modified=01Jul2026:00:01:02,
      Create Time=01Jul2026:00:01:02

NOTE: 5 records were written to the file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/Texas.txt".
      The minimum record length was 7.
      The maximum record length was 7.
NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):
      real time           0.01 seconds
      cpu time            0.01 seconds
      

650        
651        %MACRO generate_state(state=, nstores=);
652        data _null_;
653         CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
654         file "&PATH/&state..txt";
655                do x=1 to &nstores;
656        		    sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
657                    put sales 7.;
658                   output;
659                end;
660                run;
661        %MEND generate_state;
662        %generate_state(state = California_x, nstores = 8)
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   data _null_;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/California_x.txt";
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   do x=1 to 8;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   end;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   run;

NOTE: The file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/California_x.txt" is:
      Filename=C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data\California_x.txt,
      RECFM=V,LRECL=32767,File Size (bytes)=0,
      Last Modified=01Jul2026:00:01:02,
      Create Time=01Jul2026:00:01:02

NOTE: 8 records were written to the file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/California_x.txt".
      The minimum record length was 7.
      The maximum record length was 7.
NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):
      real time           0.00 seconds
      cpu time            0.00 seconds
      

663        %generate_state(state = Texas_x, nstores = 5)
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   data _null_;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   CALL STREAMINIT(1234);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/Texas_x.txt";
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   do x=1 to 5;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   sales = FLOORZ(80000 + RAND("NORMAL") * 15000);
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   put sales 7.;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   output;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   end;
MPRINT(GENERATE_STATE):   run;

NOTE: The file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/Texas_x.txt" is:
      Filename=C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data\Texas_x.txt,
      RECFM=V,LRECL=32767,File Size (bytes)=0,
      Last Modified=01Jul2026:00:01:02,
      Create Time=01Jul2026:00:01:02

NOTE: 5 records were written to the file "C:\Explore\SAS\Lesson13\Lesson13data/Texas_x.txt".
      The minimum record length was 7.
      The maximum record length was 7.
NOTE: DATA statement used (Total process time):
      real time           0.01 seconds
      cpu time            0.00 seconds
      

664        
665        
666        
667        ods html5 (id=saspy_internal) close;ods listing;
668        
30                                                         The SAS System                               23:53 Tuesday, June 30, 2026

669

Obs	fips	state_postal_code	state_name_territory	state_name
1	1	AL	Alabama	Alabama
2	2	AK	Alaska	Alaska
3	4	AZ	Arizona	Arizona
4	5	AR	Arkansas	Arkansas
5	6	CA	California	California
6	8	CO	Colorado	Colorado
7	9	CT	Connecticut	Connecticut
8	10	DE	Delaware	Delaware
9	11	DC	District of Columbia	District of Columbia
10	12	FL	Florida	Florida
11	13	GA	Georgia	Georgia
12	15	HI	Hawaii	Hawaii
13	16	ID	Idaho	Idaho
14	17	IL	Illinois	Illinois
15	18	IN	Indiana	Indiana
16	19	IA	Iowa	Iowa
17	20	KS	Kansas	Kansas
18	21	KY	Kentucky	Kentucky
19	22	LA	Louisiana	Louisiana
20	23	ME	Maine	Maine
21	24	MD	Maryland	Maryland
22	25	MA	Massachusetts	Massachusetts
23	26	MI	Michigan	Michigan
24	27	MN	Minnesota	Minnesota
25	28	MS	Mississippi	Mississippi
26	29	MO	Missouri	Missouri
27	30	MT	Montana	Montana
28	31	NE	Nebraska	Nebraska
29	32	NV	Nevada	Nevada
30	33	NH	New Hampshire	New Hampshire
31	34	NJ	New Jersey	New Jersey
32	35	NM	New Mexico	New Mexico
33	36	NY	New York	New York
34	37	NC	North Carolina	North Carolina
35	38	ND	North Dakota	North Dakota
36	39	OH	Ohio	Ohio
37	40	OK	Oklahoma	Oklahoma
38	41	OR	Oregon	Oregon
39	42	PA	Pennsylvania	Pennsylvania
40	44	RI	Rhode Island	Rhode Island
41	45	SC	South Carolina	South Carolina
42	46	SD	South Dakota	South Dakota
43	47	TN	Tennessee	Tennessee
44	48	TX	Texas	Texas
45	49	UT	Utah	Utah
46	50	VT	Vermont	Vermont
47	51	VA	Virginia	Virginia
48	53	WA	Washington	Washington
49	54	WV	West Virginia	West Virginia
50	55	WI	Wisconsin	Wisconsin
51	56	WY	Wyoming	Wyoming
52	60	AS	American Samoa	American Samoa
53	61	PQ	Canal Zone	Canal Zone
54	62	EQ	Canton/Enderbury Is	Canton/Enderbury Is
55	64	FM	Fed State Micronesia	Fed State Micronesia
56	66	GU	Guam	Guam
57	67	JQ	Johnston Atoll	Johnston Atoll
58	68	MH	Marshall Islands	Marshall Islands
59	69	MP	Northern Mariana Isl	Northern Mariana Isl
60	70	PW	Palau	Palau
61	71	MQ	Midway Island	Midway Island
62	72	PR	Puerto Rico	Puerto Rico
63	74	UM	US Minor Outlying Is	US Minor Outlying Is
64	75	TQ	Trust Territories Pa	Trust Territories Pa
65	76	BQ	US Misc Carib Isl	US Misc Carib Isl
66	77	IQ	Navassa Island	Navassa Island
67	78	VI	Virgin Islands	Virgin Islands
68	79	WQ	Wake Island	Wake Island
69	81	--	Baker Island
70	84	--	Howland Island
71	86	--	Jarvis Island
72	89	--	Kingman Reef
73	95	--	Palmyra Atoll

Obs	Name	Sex	Age	Height	Weight	dob	age2	age3	today_date	age4
1	Alfred	M	14	69.0	112.5	06MAY2012	14	14	30JUN2026	14.1489
2	Alice	F	13	56.5	84.0	26JUN2013	13	13	30JUN2026	13.0110
3	Barbara	F	13	65.3	98.0	01JUN2013	13	13	30JUN2026	13.0795
4	Carol	F	14	62.8	102.5	31MAY2012	14	14	30JUN2026	14.0806
5	Henry	M	14	63.5	102.5	28JUN2012	14	14	30JUN2026	14.0041
6	James	M	12	57.3	83.0	02APR2014	12	12	30JUN2026	12.2438
7	Jane	F	12	59.8	84.5	17MAY2014	12	12	30JUN2026	12.1205
8	Janet	F	15	62.5	112.5	20APR2011	15	15	30JUN2026	15.1945
9	Jeffrey	M	13	62.5	84.0	31MAY2013	13	13	30JUN2026	13.0822
10	John	M	12	59.0	99.5	02JUL2014	11	12	30JUN2026	11.9945
11	Joyce	F	11	51.3	50.5	03APR2015	11	11	30JUN2026	11.2411
12	Judy	F	14	64.3	90.0	26JUN2012	14	14	30JUN2026	14.0095
13	Louise	F	12	56.3	77.0	23APR2014	12	12	30JUN2026	12.1863
14	Mary	F	15	66.5	112.0	03APR2011	15	15	30JUN2026	15.2411
15	Philip	M	16	72.0	150.0	13MAY2010	16	16	30JUN2026	16.1315
16	Robert	M	12	64.8	128.0	19MAY2014	12	12	30JUN2026	12.1151
17	Ronald	M	15	67.0	133.0	22MAY2011	15	15	30JUN2026	15.1068
18	Thomas	M	11	57.5	85.0	02MAY2015	11	11	30JUN2026	11.1616
19	William	M	15	66.5	112.0	07MAY2011	15	15	30JUN2026	15.1479

Name	Sex	Age	Height	Weight	random_num	Group
Alfred	M	14	69.0	112.5	0.58330	Drug
Alice	F	13	56.5	84.0	0.99363	Drug
Barbara	F	13	65.3	98.0	0.58789	Drug
Carol	F	14	62.8	102.5	0.85747	Drug
Henry	M	14	63.5	102.5	0.82469	Drug
James	M	12	57.3	83.0	0.28057	Placebo
Jane	F	12	59.8	84.5	0.64740	Drug
Janet	F	15	62.5	112.5	0.38192	Placebo
Jeffrey	M	13	62.5	84.0	0.44896	Placebo
John	M	12	59.0	99.5	0.87578	Drug
Joyce	F	11	51.3	50.5	0.51838	Drug
Judy	F	14	64.3	90.0	0.84267	Drug
Louise	F	12	56.3	77.0	0.27838	Placebo
Mary	F	15	66.5	112.0	0.93354	Drug
Philip	M	16	72.0	150.0	0.18739	Placebo
Robert	M	12	64.8	128.0	0.36876	Placebo
Ronald	M	15	67.0	133.0	0.10107	Placebo
Thomas	M	11	57.5	85.0	0.74119	Drug
William	M	15	66.5	112.0	0.15068	Placebo

Lesson 13, Part 1: Simulating Data Using PROC IML¶